Governance Role of Audit Committees

Question: Examine about the Governance Role of Audit Committees. Answer: Presentation: In the current case, as Katrina Ng is administrator just as individual from Board of Directors of not revenue driven substance. There has been no infringement of the Accountant code of morals on the off chance that she is just executive and not autonomous chief. On the off chance that she is an autonomous chief that she has disregarded the head of Objectivity, despite the fact that the position is privileged and doesn't include her to act in the board limit of the association. It may be conceivable that the choices taken by Katrina Ng in her administrative limit in the impact of senior administration may likewise influence choices when taken as an executive. An open bookkeeper can give expense and the board administrations and furthermore lead review however can't give accounting administrations to a similar customer. As review includes precise assessment and testing of money related records of an organization, consequently it isn't workable for one to pass judgment on books of records which are set up by him just (Nicol?escu, 2013). A similar will abuse head of trustworthiness and objectivity. In present case chances are likely that Peter Beattie may be one-sided while giving a feeling on the books of records arranged by him. The evaluator ought to give Unqualified Opinion. According to Miller and Skinner (2015), unfit sentiment is communicated by an inspector on the off chance that where no booking with respect to the fiscal summaries is watched while reviewing. It is otherwise called clean sentiment which alludes that fiscal summaries give valid and reasonable view. In the current case as the examiner can't get affirmation with respect to the parities from the three customers who were significant clients. As the evaluator can fulfill himself utilizing different strategies with respect to the legitimacy of their equalization; he ought to give unfit assessment. No specific technique is essential for surveying the legitimacy of strategy; it is important that examiner must be certain that the records are introduced in reasonable way. Disclaimer Opinion ought to be communicated by the inspector for this situation as the customer has held the examiner to not watching the record of plant, property and hardware. The degree of materiality which existed in this record was 20%. As per Ghafran and O'Sullivan (2013), disclaimer feeling is given by the examiner in situations where the inspector is limited to analyze a few or different records which are material and the reviewer can't communicate sentiment. In situations where the evaluator can't discover proper confirmations which may help them is communicating that whether the announcements are as per the money related bookkeeping gauges. Henceforth, the inspector can't set out a supposition with respect to the budget reports of the organization inferable from the impediment of limitation put by the customer. A disclaimer assessment remains basically till the customer doesnt give fitting confirmations to the evaluator to pull back such a conclusion (CPAs versus NON-CPAs. John W. Day. 2016). References Ghafran, C. also, O'Sullivan, N. 2013. The administration job of review boards of trustees: assessing a time of evidence.International Journal of Management Reviews.15(4). Pp381-407. Mill operator, G. S. also, Skinner, D. J. 2015. The advancing revelation scene: How changes in innovation, the media, and capital markets are influencing disclosure.Journal of Accounting Research.53(2). Pp221-239. Nicol?escu, E. 2013. Improvements in corporate administration and administrative enthusiasm for ensuring review quality.Economics, Management, and Financial Markets. (2). Pp198-203. CPAs versus NON-CPAs. John W. Day. 2016. [Online]. Accessible through www.reallifeaccounting.com [Accessed on 29th January 2017].

Lebron v Kobe Free Essays

Individuals are continually anticipating ball season. There are numerous acceptable players in the alliance. I imagine that the two best players are Kobe Bryant and Lebron James. We will compose a custom article test on Lebron v Kobe or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now The two players perform great on the court. Despite the fact that the players play well, they are entirely unexpected competitors. The mentalities, abilities, and enthusiasm for the game are communicated in various manners. In spite of the fact that, Lebron James is youthful in the group of NBA ball, he can shutdown most top pick veterans. Lebron’s demeanor towards ball hasn’t changed a piece from his secondary school vocation. Despite the fact that he is in the masters, his attitude is still cooperation. In a game like b-ball you can’t do everything without anyone else. Many may think he is a one man group or a ball hoard be that as it may, his mentality towards the game makes himself stick out. Then again, Kobe Bryant has had a couple of a greater number of long stretches of understanding than Lebron James. In the start of his ball vocation his mentality was like that of Lebron James’ current one. Following several years of playing with a similar group and winning an assortment of titles, his attitude toward the game started to change. Numerous where caused contention with his kindred previous colleague Shaquille O’Neal. Lebron James has extremely outstanding aptitudes in the level that he plays at. In addition to the fact that he got drafted legitimately out of secondary school, he is one of the top players that are perceived when one notices ball. James has driven his group to sequential season finisher appearances from 2006 through 2009. On offense, Lebron is known for utilizing his size, quality, and briskness to move beyond guilty parties. His abilities have prompted numerous correlations with NBA legends like Magic Johnson, Oscar Robertson, and Michael Jordan. Kobe Bryant is viewed as one of the most complete players in NBA history. Kobe can make shots for himself and is a successful outside shooter. Beside this, he is a champion protector, having made the All-Defensive first and second group nine of the last ten seasons. The enthusiasm every individual has for the sport of b-ball is not quite the same as each other. Lebron James’ point of view on b-ball is it’s â€Å"More Than a Game†. Ball to him is progressively similar to a way of life as it were. The collaboration he and his partners appear on the court make a feeling of fraternity. Lebron realizes that its not about him in light of the fact that the sport of b-ball is a group activity. Kobe Bryant’s energy for the game is unique. He began playing the game at 3 years old years old. Kobe’s father was in the NBA when he was youthful and impacted him. On the court, he knows it’s an occupation to be done and he overwhelms all the time. There are numerous likenesses between Lebron James and Kobe Bryant. Conversely, there are numerous distinctions too. Every individual has a specific way they present their selves on and off the court. One thing without a doubt, proficient b-ball would not be the equivalent without them. Step by step instructions to refer to Lebron v Kobe, Essay models

The Early Action Deadline is Approaching - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

The Early Action Deadline is Approaching - UGA Undergraduate Admissions The Early Action Deadline is Approaching The Early Action deadline is almost here! Our office typically receives 4,000+ applications, a drastic increase in mail, emails and phone calls in the few daysprecedingthe deadline. The best thing an applicant can do right now is be patient. We work as quickly as possible to match documents with files, but we are dealing with a large number of applications and supplemental material. The fastest way to get material to us is to send it electronically. If your high school is in Georgia, you can send transcripts through GAcollege411.org . Students attending a high school outside of Georgia can have their counselors submit transcripts online through Docufide/Parchment. The high school evaluation can be submitted online from the High School Counselor Portal. Remember, no faxes! Please do not call our office to ask if we have received a document, test score, etc. if it was just sent. It takes about 8 to 10 business days from the time something is mailed for it to be matched with your file. It takes 4 to 5 business days for something submitted online to show up on your myStatus. Be sure tocheck your myStatus to see what we have received and what we are missing. This is updated once every business day, so you do not need to check it several times a day. Documents do not need to show up in your myStatus by October 15 to be in by the deadline. Know that if you have submitted something to us by the deadline, we will post it in our system and your myStatus shortly. We appreciate your patience as we workvigorouslyto match all of the material we are receiving with applications. Go Dawgs!

Computer Is The Era Of It Essay - 966 Words

Introduction Computer is an electronic device used in almost every field even where it is most unexpected. That is why this age is called as the era of IT. And now we cannot imagine a world without computers. It is made up of two things one is the hardware and other is software. All physical components of computer like keyboard, mouse, monitor etc comes under the hardware whereas all the programs and languages used by the computer are called software. These days computers are the tools for not only engineers and scientists but also they are being used by millions of people around the world. Computer has become very important nowadays because it is very much accurate, fast and can accomplish many tasks easily. Otherwise to complete those tasks manually much more time is required. It can do very big calculations in just a fraction of a second. Moreover it can store huge amount of data in it. We also get information on different aspects using internet on our computer. In mid nineties computers were only used by the government and army because at that time using computer was a complicated task. When the microprocessor was invented, computer gets smaller in size but after DOS and unix it became very easy for the people to use computer. and , of course, most of us Computer in different fields:- Banks Almost every bank is using computers to keep the record of all the money transaction and other calculations. Moreover it providesShow MoreRelatedComputer Company : A Whole New Era Of Technology1426 Words   |  6 Pagesthe very first computer company was founded, thus beginning a whole new era of technology that has evolved over a period of 76 years and has yet to slow down. Throughout the decades computers have transformed from machines that took up the space of an entire room, to fitting in the palm of your hand. Computers come in all shapes, sizes, and types such as desktops, laptops, cellphones and even game systems. While computers have an assortment of functions and purposes, some computers only have one purposeRead MoreComputer Era And The Law Of Mass Digital Storage2964 Words   |  12 Pagesmany different stages in this evolution. There have been five eras and the five eras are as follows: †¢ General-Purpose Mainframe and Minicomputer Era (1959 to Present) †¢ Personal Computer Era (1981 to Present) †¢ Client/Server Era (1983 to Present) †¢ Enterprise Computing Era (1992 to Present) †¢ Cloud and Mobile Computing Era†¨(2000 to Present) - In General-Purpose Mainframe and Minicomputer Era, IBM introduced the first commercial computers with a strong operating system, which provides time-sharingRead MoreComputer Technology And The Military During The Cold War Era1433 Words   |  6 PagesEarly computer art stemmed from an unlikely place and as the computer technology advanced, minimized, and became affordable, the computer turned into the most important invention of the modern age and has been implemented in almost every aspect of human life. Like video art, computer art started small and progressed with the technology and now is a tool used for many digital mediums. The origin of the computer resides with the military. The computer itself was created by the military during theRead MoreThe Eras of PC Advancement1455 Words   |  6 Pagesadvancement is regularly alluded to in reference to the diverse eras of registering apparatuses. Each of the five eras of machines is portrayed by a real mechanical improvement that at heart changed the way workstations work, bringing about progressively more modest, less expensive, all the more effective and more productive and solid registering units. In this Webopedia reference article youll research each of the five eras of workstations and the engineering improvements that have promptedRead MoreEssay about History of the Development of Computers1478 Words   |  6 Pagesthe people whom chooses their field which is relevant to computer appliances in their daily life also thinks the same and the develop the improvement of the computer from time to time until the computer technology reaches the development that we does not imagine before. When we think about the modern society the first thing ever hit up our mind is the technology of the computer , so we cant deny that the important of development of computer is very important to the growth of the modern society andRead MoreOperating Systems And Operating System862 Words   |  4 PagesSystems Every computer needs an operating system to operate. The operating system controls everything that the computer does, the master controller. It is the gasoline of the computer. According to Parsons and Oja (2014), they state that an operating system is â€Å"the integral part of virtually every computer system. It fundamentally affects how you can use your computer† (p 184). Most computers are bought with the operating system already installed. Once the computer is turned on, the operatingRead MoreThe Greatest Invention Of My Lifetime1480 Words   |  6 Pages that invention is computer. It is evident how life has changed since technology has been introduced in the human life. When we think of technology the first thing that comes to our mind is the image of a computer. Computer is an electronic device used for storing and processing data, typically in a binary form, according to the instructions given to it in a variable program. Computers make our lives totally distinctive. Our current generous improvement is because of computers in numerous rangesRead MoreThe Development of Computers Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopment of computer What is computer? According to Wikipedia, computer is a device that can be programmed to do a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. It is started with the basic device to perform a mathematic problem which is known as Abacus. Computer has been developing year by year and we have seen a lot of generation or development of computer nowadays. The first generation of computer starting from years 1940-1950, this can be called as the first electronic computer. DuringRead MoreBrief History of Software Engineering1733 Words   |  7 Pagesit as computer program stored in a computer which includes defined procedures or set of rules that lead to development of an output from a given input procedure for solving mathematical problem, Subah A.(2001, 4). It is produced to satisfy customer’s or individual’s needs. Let us ask ourselves, where does it come from? According to Subah A. ( 2001,2) , â€Å" Robert C.Class divided the long history of software into three different periods; the Pioneering Era (1955-1965), The Stabilizing Era (1965-1990)Read MoreOutliers by Malcolm Gladwell 1451 Words   |  6 Pages42) exemplifies how Karp came to becoming a computer genius. David Karp had access to extended advantages not offered to other high school students by being homeschooled at a young age. Encouraged by his mother, Karp dropped out of school at age 14 to be homeschooled with an emphasis on computers, coding and Japanese (Cooper). The addition time allowed Karp to work with computers for at least an 8-hour school day, not including personal time using computers. Karp stated in a Forbes interview, â€Å"Homeschoolers

Pride And Prejudice By Jane Austen - 933 Words

Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was first published in 1813(Gary vii) a time when women had â€Å"few legal and economic rights or even receiving little respect, women can be seen as oppressed victims of a patriarchal society, subordinate first to their fathers and, then, to their husbands who had, of course, been selected by their fathers† (Swords, 76-82). At first glance one might think that Pride and Prejudice reinforces sexist stereotypes, however upon further examination of Jane Austen and her heroine Elizabeth it is clear that Pride and Prejudice in fact erodes the sexist stereotypes of women. A hastily drawn conclusion one might make about Pride and Prejudice is that it appears to reinforce the sexist stereotypes of women during the 18th century. The first sentence of the book reads â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife† (Austen 1). Dorothy Van Ghent described this opening sentence as being â€Å"read as the opposite-a single woman must be in want of a man with a good fortune† (Van Ghent 301). This also introduces one of the central themes of the novel and that is Mrs. Bennet’s desire to see her daughters married â€Å"Her mind was less difficult to develop she was a woman of mean understanding little information and uncertain temper when she was discontented she fancied herself nervous the business of her life was to get her daughters married† (Austen 3). Marriage was crucial to ensure a woman’sShow MoreRelatedPride And Prejudice By Jane Austen Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesThe 18th century novel, Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, is a fascinating book about a young woman’s struggle with family and love. Pride and Prejudice was originally published in 1813, but, the most common version of the story, and the one used for this research, is from the version published in 1892, still by only Jane Austen, though many other authors have contributed to this book over time. Austen often references the class system at the time, often noting one of the multiple heroine’s struggleRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1467 Words   |  6 Pages Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen is a classic novel that has remained relevant even years after its release. Its themes and symbols are understandable to even the most modern of reader. One of the many themes is sisterhood, something that is focused on constantly throughout the novel. Elizabeth Bennet, the protagonist of the novel, finds many of her decisions to be based upon th e actions of her sisters. Making sisterhood a main driving force. Whether they are confiding in each other for marriageRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen872 Words   |  4 PagesIn my personal cherished novel, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, the worlds of two immensely divergent people display the marxist idea of the importance of social status and its affect on the people. The two main characters seem to be on opposite ends of the earth in terms of an affluent Mr. Darcy being so privileged while on the contrary, Miss Elizabeth Bennet is of a lower class. Throughout the novel, there is a fine distinction between their clashing opinions and actions that are highly influencedRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1285 Words   |  6 PagesPride and Prejudice Analysis I.Introduction Jane Austen wrote her novels during the time period known as the Regency. The Enlightenment and the Age of Reason, a time where ideas like democracy, secularism, and the rise of developing sciences were making their way across Europe had come to an end.It was replaced with the wave of horror that was the French Revolution, a once minor revolt that escalated into a violent war, concluding with the rise of Napoleon, which whom England fought against the majorityRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pageshe 18th century novel, Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, is a fascinating book about a young woman’s struggle with family and love. Pride and Prejudice was originally published in 1813, but, the most common version of the story, and the one used for this research, is from the version published in 1892, still by only Jane Austen, though many other authors have contributed to this book over time. Austen often references the class system at the ti me, often noting one of the multiple heroine’s struggleRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1570 Words   |  7 PagesThe comical novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen depicts the love life of women in the early 1800’s. Austen shows the hardships young women in that time period had to go threw to find their place in this world. Women were thought of as objects to the men, they were supposed to be stay at home mothers, or simple just a accessory to their partner. Women were the subordinates in life, as they still are today. Austen tells the story of how Mrs. Bennet (a mother of 5) works tirelessly to get her daughtersRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen914 Words   |  4 Pages Bell 1 Natalie Bell Pedersen English 4 honors 29 February 2016 Pride and Prejudice Essay Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice, focuses on the social conflicts of England during the 1800s. Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy fall in love, and face social criticism. Mr. Darcy struggles with the ideology of societal expectations while falling in love with Elizabeth Bennet. After persistent self-reflection, Mr. Darcy overcomes the stereotype of whom he should marry, and marries ElizabethRead More Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen 1104 Words   |  5 Pagesrate of over 50% from 1970-2010. However, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, marriage was often one of the few choices for a woman’s occupation. Reading Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen from the twenty-first century perspective might make some matters that are stressed in the book seem dated or trivial. As Pride and Prejudice was set sometime during the Napoleonic Wars, it is only fitting that finding a proper marriage is on the minds of many of the women in the book. Marriage and marryingRead Mo rePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1732 Words   |  7 PagesIn Pride and Prejudice, the first marriage presented is that of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet. Being the parents of five daughters, the Bennet s marriage set the example for their children yet their relationship did not constitute true love, but more of mutual tolerance. Mrs. Bennet, an obnoxious women with an erratic temper, symbolizes society’s obsession with material wealth and social standing. As Jane Austen states when describing Mrs. Bennet, â€Å"The business of her Vanek 7 life was to get her daughtersRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1384 Words   |  6 PagesNicole Voyatzis Professor W. Acres HISTORY 1401E May 26, 2015 Discussion Paper - Pride and Prejudice Pride and Prejudice written in 1813 by Jane Austen tells the story of The Bennet’s and their five unmarried daughters. The family live as part of the lower gentry in early 19th century England. With that being said, Mrs. Bennet’s primary focus in life is to ensure that all her daughters are married, preferably to wealthy men. The book begins with Mrs. Bennet seeing an opportunity for her daughters

Htm100 †Assignment 1 †Careers in Lodging and Food and Beverage Industries Free Essays

Careers in Lodging and Food and Beverage Industries Name School HTM 100 Professor Name February 3, 2013 Careers in Lodging and Food and Beverage Industries The hospitality industry is a very lucrative and rewarding career choice. Choosing a career in this field is not for the faint at heart. A career in this industry requires an individual that is ambitious, self-motivated, and has a charismatic personality. We will write a custom essay sample on Htm100 – Assignment 1 – Careers in Lodging and Food and Beverage Industries or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the hard work comes with many personal and financial rewards. Hospitality covers all careers that can come underneath the lodging, restaurants, event planning, theme parks, transportation, and tourism. However, this paper will go in depth explaining the role of general management, growth of employment, and human resource practices that should be used when hiring within the lodging and food and beverage industries. The management careers that are available in the lodging and the food and beverage industries are general manager, director of food and beverage, executive housekeeper, director of security, executive chef and quite a few more. The hospitality industry is a several billion dollar a year business, and having excellent management and support staff is critical to the success of the business. Management is a very important key factor within the lodging and the food and beverage industries. This is why having an excellent General Manager is so critical to the success of the many organizations that exist within the lodging and food and beverage industry. A General Manager or (GM) has broad, overall responsibility for a business or organization. A General Manager has the power to hire, fire, or promote employees. A manager may be responsible for one functional area, however the General Manager is responsible for all areas. A General Manager is responsible for higher level planning than a manager. A General Manager is often responsible for the overall strategic planning and direction of the company or organization and leaves the day-to-day management of the various functions to the managers (F. John Reh, 2013). In the lodging industry the General Manager or (GM) is responsible for making sure all facets of the hotel or lodging structure is running properly. They must provide owners with a reasonable return on investment, keep guest satisfied and returning, and keep employees happy. This may seem easy, but because there are so many interpersonal transactions and because hotels are open every day, all day, the complexities of operating become challenge that the general manager must face and overcome. The GM not only focuses on leading and operating the hotel departments but also on aspects of the infrastructure, from room atmosphere to security (Walker, 2013). If a restaurant is inside of a hotel, then the food and beverage division is overseen by the general manager of the hotel. In this scenario the person that runs the food and beverage division is referred to as the director of food and beverage. In this case, the director reports to the general manager of the hotel. However, if there is a free standing restaurant, bar, or lounge; there is a general manager who is responsible for the entire operations of that establishment. If the restaurant, bar, or lounge is a freestanding establishment, the owner will sometimes double as the general manager and do the job on their own without hiring someone. Sometimes owners will hire an individual to fill the job as General Manager, especially if they have invested in a restaurant and do not have any experience in how to run it properly. If the food and beverage establishment is located within a hotel even though the general manager is responsible for all aspects of the hotel, as stated earlier, the GM depends on the director of food and beverages to run this division. The director of food and beverage has many job duties and is responsible for the efficient and effective operation of the following departments: * Kitchen/Catering/Banquet * Restaurants/Room Service/Minibars Lounges/Bars/Stewarding When taking all of the above areas in consideration, it could be stated that it could be harder to oversee the food and beverage division within hotel than in a freestanding restaurant. This is because a freestanding restaurant does not have to oversee room service and minibars that are located in the guest rooms. When reviewing all of the depa rtments that a general manager is responsible for within the lodging and the food and beverage industries, it would make one wonder what is the overall growth rate within this industry. As far as restaurants are concerned, growth is looking strong for this year. According to the National Restaurant Association, many private sector jobs were added in the fourth quarter of 2012. â€Å"Two days after a Commerce Department release that showed real gross domestic product (GDP) contracted for the first time in more than three years, the latest jobs report boosted economic spirits with stronger than expected private sector hiring in the fourth quarter of 2012. Despite the mixed signals, the underlying fundamentals of the economy remain positive, which points toward an improving business environment in 2013 (National Restaurant Association, 2013). The restaurant industry is not the only one that has a pleasant future. The hotel industry also seems to have a bright and optimistic future. Look at what the Bureau of Labor Statistics had to say. â€Å"The vast majority of workers in the hospitality industry — more than eight out of 10 in 2004 — were employed in service and administrative support  positions. Employment of hotel, motel and resort desk clerks is expected to grow faster than some other occupations in the industry. Hotels also employ many workers in part-time and seasonal jobs. Hospitality industry fear not! Despite an unemployment rate that’s higher than the national average, hotel jobs and hospitality jobs are actually on the rise. Projected to grow 17. 7% through 2014, the most popular hotel jobs and hospitality jobs continue to be waiters and waitresses. Oh, and the employment rate for hospitality jobs is at an all-time high as well† (AOL JOBS, 2013). Now that it has been established that the lodging and food and beverage industries have made it through the recession and is a strong and growing industry; what does a general manager do to make sure they are hiring the best possible employees? Many may think that anyone can work in the hospitality industry, but nothing is further from the truth. The hospitality industry requires an individual that is hard working, flexible, and a warm, confident personality. These are the following attributes a general manager should look for when hiring a potential employee. * Communication – when interviewing look for eye contact and well-formed answers to interview questions. * Multi-Tasking – look for examples from their past work indicate an ability to multi-task by asking two or three pronged questions that relate to slightly different topics. Attitude – look for a candidate that smiles and provides answers to questions that hint at optimism. * Flexibility – look for open-minded candidates who can explain to you why flexibility is important. The above qualities are exactly what an employee needs to possess in order to be an asset to the hiring organization. In conclusion, the lodging and food and beverage industries are very challenging but lucrative industries. Both industries have made it through the recession and now that people are starting to travel and eat out more it is more imperative than ever that this industry has quality employees to keep their guest happy and the industry moving forward. One of the areas of importance is that organizations in this industry hire general managers that are able to keep their business successful by doing the most important part of hospitality which is keeping their guest happy. It is also imperative that the general managers make the proper hiring choices when filling positions within their organization. If all facets of the business are met, this can ensure the length and prosperity of the lodging and food and beverage industries. References . AOL JOBS. (2013). Hospitality hotel jobs outlook. Retrieved from http://jobs. aol. com/hospitality-jobs/ F. John Reh. (2013). General manager. Retrieved from http://management. about. com/od/policiesandprocedures/g/gm1. htm Labor Systems Job Center. (2013). What makes a good hospitality employee? Retrieved from http://blog. laborsystems. com/2010/12/01/what-makes-a-good-hospitality-employe How to cite Htm100 – Assignment 1 – Careers in Lodging and Food and Beverage Industries, Essays

Schizophrenia in A Beautiful Mind an Example of the Topic Film Essays by

Schizophrenia in A Beautiful Mind The movie A Beautiful Mind (Howard, 2001) tells the story of John Nash, a mathematical genius who suffered from schizophrenia. The movie begins when Nash is working on his PhD at Princeton in the 1950s. Treatment for schizophrenia was different in the 1950s than it is now. This paper, which addresses the treatment of Nash, will be written as if Nash was being diagnosed and treated today and not 50 years ago. The movie was based on the book by Sylvia Nasar. Need essay sample on "Schizophrenia in A Beautiful Mind" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed University Students Usually Tell EssayLab specialists: Who wants to write essay for me? Essay writers propose: Get Academic Writing At Reasonable Price With Us Nasar's depiction of Nash's life is less sanitized and much more detailed than the story that is told in the Ron Howard film, which seems like a "feel good" story of schizophrenia and avoids any mention of his bisexuality and facts of Nash's life.. There are other differences as well. For example, in the movie, Nash has visual hallucinations. According to the book, Nash hears voices that tell him what to do, but he does not have visual hallucinations. Since this paper is based on the movie, this paper will use the visual hallucinations as a symptom of Nash's illness. Does the character meet the DSM diagnosis for the specified disorder? Schizophrenia is characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, and grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior (American Psychiatric Association, 2000, section 295). John Nash displayed all of these symptoms. His closest friend, Charles, exists only in Nash's mind and is not a real person. Nash also displays disorganized behavior, although in his mind, it is organized.. For example, as Nash's illness progresses and he becomes more involved in his hallucination that he is breaking codes for the CIA, the walls of his office become covered in newspaper clippings and pages from magazines. To any one else, this would look like a disorganized mess. To Nash, this was a system of organization. The delusional behavior is less obvious, at least at first. Nash was a true genius. Ordinarily, making statements like "Einstein was wrong" or that "Adam Smith (the 18th century economist whose theories are the cornerstone of capitalism) was wrong" would be considered a sign of a delusion of grandeur. However, Nash won a Nobel Prize for developing a theory which showed that Adam Smith was not necessarily correct. Thinking that he was smarter than Einstein and Smith, or, for that matter, his instructors at Princeton, was not necessarily delusional behavior for John Nash. Nash was clearly deluded, however, about the nature of his work, which was described by his assistants as relatively routine, nothing special. He was not selected for a highly secretive project that would save the United States from attack. The fate of the world did not rest on his shoulders. Other symptoms of schizophrenia include a flat affect (little or no emotional expression), alogia (loss of speech), and avolition (loss of goals or motivation) (APA, section 295). As portrayed by Russell Crowe, Nash showed all of these symptoms. His avolition, like his disorganization, was a matter of perspective. To those around him, Nash had lost his motivation to complete his dissertation and, later, to be a teacher. In reality, Nash was preoccupied with his delusions. There was an apparent loss of motivation that would be more accurately described as a misplaced motivation. Finally, the DSM also specifies that "For a significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, one or more major areas of functioning such as work, interpersonal relations, or self-care are markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset" (APA, section 295). This criteria describes Nash's ragged personal appearance, his work history, and the problems in his marriage. DSM-IV also requires that these symptoms must be present for at least 6 months. For John Nash, these symptoms lasted from at least when he was in graduate school, if not before, and continued for the rest of his life. Possible origins of the disorder It is unclear exactly what causes schizophrenia, although it appears that a combination of genetic and environmental factors are involved (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2005). The movie does not go into great detail about Nash's early life. There is no mention of schizophrenic behavior in Nash's parents or in any relatives, and genetic science in the 1950s was not as developed as it is today. There is also an apparent relationship between psychosocial stressors and schizophrenic relapse (Jibson & Tandon, 2002). As a student in a highly competitive field, Nash would have been under a great deal of psychological stress. This stress seemed to subside with treatment. However, later in the movie, the stress of trying to live a normal life led to another break through, and Nash begins to hallucinate again. Expected prognosis The movie paints a somewhat optimistic picture of Nash's life with schizophrenia. He eventually is allowed to return to Princeton in a limited capacity and eventually wins the Nobel Prize. Obviously, not all schizophrenics can look forward to such a positive prognosis. The movie also leaves the impression that the patient can somehow overcome schizophrenia by willpower. In the movie, Nash compares it to being on a diet and choosing not to indulge in his fantasies. This is, in my opinion, an inaccurate and potentially dangerous depiction. In fact, one of the problems with schizophrenia is that the patient believes that he or she has overcome the disease and no longer needs to take medication or seek treatment. When the patient stops treatment, the symptoms reoccur, as they did for Nash. Perhaps a genius mind would be able to overcome this cycle and choose not to follow the hallucinations and delusions. The average person probably could not. The prognosis would be much worse if the patient stopped treatment. Nash explained the he stopped taking his medication because he couldn't have sex with his wife. Sexual problems are a known side effect of Risperidone, one of the medications used to treat schizophrenia, although this medication would not have been available in the 1950s. Other side effects of this medication are anxiety, feeling tired during the day, dizziness, constipation, nausea, dyspepsia, rhinitis, rash, an accelerated heart rate, reduced salivation, weight gain, and other complications (Risperdal package insert). With these side effects, it is understandable why a person might discontinue treatment, especially if he or she did not think treatment was still necessary. Nash received electroshock therapy, an even more dramatic form of treatment. In addition to the physical and mental aspects of schizophrenia, this disease also has a significant impact on the person's social life. In the movie, Nash is allowed to return to Princeton, where he can enjoy the company of students and other people. He is accepted by the students and faculty who seem to be very understanding of his illness. In real life, people are much more wary of inpiduals who hear voices, have delusions, or who have a noticeable mental illness. This stigma usually leads to isolation and loneliness. The inability to keep a job because of these behaviors would also lead to poverty. Nash's life is an example of how schizophrenics can overcome and be successful. It is realistic because it is based on actual events. It is not, however, a realistic portrayal for the typical schizophrenic. References American Psychiatric Association (2000). DSM-IV-TR. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington DC: Author. Jibson, M. and Tandon, R. (2002). Treatment of acute psychotic episodes. From Schizophrenia: A New Guide for Clinicians. Ed. John G. Csernansky. New York: Marcel Dekker. Retrieved March 31, 2008, from www.Questia.com Howard, R. (2001). A Beautiful Mind. Movie. Universal Studios. National Institute of Mental Health (2005). Schizophrenia. Retrieved March 31, 2008, from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/schizoph.cfm Risperdal package insert. Online. Retrieved March 31, 2008, from http://home.intekom.com/pharm/janssen/risperdt.html